E-Pam
Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
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Chemical_Formula
C16H13ClN2O
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/diazepam.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
Reeder, Sternbach; U.S. Pat. 3,371,085 (1968)
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Molecular Weight
284.74 g/mol
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Melting Point
125-126oC
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H2O Solubility
Slightly soluble (50 mg/L)
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State
solid
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LogP
2.988
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Dosage Forms
Tablets; Injectable solution
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Indication
Used in the treatment of severe anxiety disorders, as a hypnotic in the short-term management of insomnia, as a sedative and premedicant, as an anticonvulsant, and in the management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
E-Pam
Pharmacology
Diazepam, a benzodiazepine, generates the same active metabolite as chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate. In animals, diazepam appears to act on parts of the limbic system, the thalamus and hypothalamus, and induces calming effects. Diazepam, unlike chlorpromazine and reserpine, has no demonstrable peripheral autonomic blocking action, nor does it produce extrapyramidal side effects; however, animals treated with diazepam do have a transient ataxia at higher doses. Diazepam was found to have transient cardiovascular depressor effects in dogs. Long-term experiments in rats revealed no disturbances of endocrine function. Injections into animals have produced localized irritation of tissue surrounding injection sites and some thickening of veins after intravenous use.
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Absorption
Essentially complete, with a bioavailability of 93%.
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side effects and Toxicity
Symptoms of overdose include somnolence, confusion, coma, and diminished reflexes. Respiration, pulse and blood pressure should be monitored.
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Patient Information
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Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals