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Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
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Chemical_Formula
C9H13NO3
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/epi.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
Stolz, Ber. 37, 4149; Payne, Ind. Chem. 37, 523
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Molecular Weight
183.204 g/mol
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Melting Point
211.5 oC
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H2O Solubility
180 mg/L
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State
Solid
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LogP
0.256
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Dosage Forms
Cord; Drops; Liquid; Metered-dose (aerosol); Pad; Pellet; Pellet (dental); Solution; Spray
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Indication
For the treatment of anaphylactic reactions
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Pharmacology
Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.
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Absorption
Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.
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side effects and Toxicity
Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)
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Patient Information
No information avaliable
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Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals