Tokamina
Brand names,
Tokamina
Analogs
Tokamina
Brand Names Mixture
Tokamina
Chemical_Formula
C9H13NO3
Tokamina
RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/epi.htm
Tokamina
fda sheet
Tokamina
msds (material safety sheet)
Tokamina
Synthesis Reference
Stolz, Ber. 37, 4149; Payne, Ind. Chem. 37, 523
Tokamina
Molecular Weight
183.204 g/mol
Tokamina
Melting Point
211.5 oC
Tokamina
H2O Solubility
180 mg/L
Tokamina
State
Solid
Tokamina
LogP
0.256
Tokamina
Dosage Forms
Cord; Drops; Liquid; Metered-dose (aerosol); Pad; Pellet; Pellet (dental); Solution; Spray
Tokamina
Indication
For the treatment of anaphylactic reactions
Tokamina
Pharmacology
Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.
Tokamina
Absorption
Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.
Tokamina
side effects and Toxicity
Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)
Tokamina
Patient Information
No information avaliable
Tokamina
Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals