Astminhal
Brand names,
Astminhal
Analogs
Astminhal
Brand Names Mixture
Astminhal
Chemical_Formula
C9H13NO3
Astminhal
RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/epi.htm
Astminhal
fda sheet
Astminhal
msds (material safety sheet)
Astminhal
Synthesis Reference
Stolz, Ber. 37, 4149; Payne, Ind. Chem. 37, 523
Astminhal
Molecular Weight
183.204 g/mol
Astminhal
Melting Point
211.5 oC
Astminhal
H2O Solubility
180 mg/L
Astminhal
State
Solid
Astminhal
LogP
0.256
Astminhal
Dosage Forms
Cord; Drops; Liquid; Metered-dose (aerosol); Pad; Pellet; Pellet (dental); Solution; Spray
Astminhal
Indication
For the treatment of anaphylactic reactions
Astminhal
Pharmacology
Epinephrine is indicated for intravenous injection in treatment of acute hypersensitivity, treatment of acute asthmatic attacks to relieve bronchospasm, and treatment and prophylaxis of cardiac arrest and attacks of transitory atrioventricular heart block with syncopal seizures (Stokes-Adams Syndrome). The actions of epinephrine resemble the effects of stimulation of adrenergic nerves. To a variable degree it acts on both alpha and beta receptor sites of sympathetic effector cells. Its most prominent actions are on the beta receptors of the heart, vascular and other smooth muscle. When given by rapid intravenous injection, it produces a rapid rise in blood pressure, mainly systolic, by (1) direct stimulation of cardiac muscle which increases the strength of ventricular contraction, (2) increasing the heart rate and (3) constriction of the arterioles in the skin, mucosa and splanchnic areas of the circulation. When given by slow intravenous injection, epinephrine usually produces only a moderate rise in systolic and a fall in diastolic pressure. Although some increase in pulse pressure occurs, there is usually no great elevation in mean blood pressure. Accordingly, the compensatory reflex mechanisms that come into play with a pronounced increase in blood pressure do not antagonize the direct cardiac actions of epinephrine as much as with catecholamines that have a predominant action on alpha receptors.
Astminhal
Absorption
Usually this vasodilator effect of the drug on the circulation predominates so that the modest rise in systolic pressure which follows slow injection or absorption is mainly the result of direct cardiac stimulation and increase in cardiac output.
Astminhal
side effects and Toxicity
Skin, LD50 = 62 mg/kg (rat)
Astminhal
Patient Information
No information avaliable
Astminhal
Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals