Chloroamphenicol

Chloroamphenicol Brand names, Chloroamphenicol Analogs

Chloroamphenicol Brand Names Mixture

No information avaliable

Chloroamphenicol Chemical_Formula

C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅

Chloroamphenicol RX_link

http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/chloramphenicol.htm

Chloroamphenicol fda sheet

Chloroamphenicol FDA

Chloroamphenicol msds (material safety sheet)

Chloroamphenicol MSDS

Chloroamphenicol Synthesis Reference

No information avaliable

Chloroamphenicol Molecular Weight

323.129 g/mol

Chloroamphenicol Melting Point

150.5 ^oC

Chloroamphenicol H₂O Solubility

2500 mg/L (at 25 °C)

Chloroamphenicol State

Solid

Chloroamphenicol LogP

1.476

Chloroamphenicol Dosage Forms

Capsule; Drops; Liquid; Ointment; Powder; Solution; Suspension; Tablet

Chloroamphenicol Indication

Used in treatment of cholera, as it destroys the vibrios and decreases the diarrhea. It is effective against tetracycline-resistant vibrios. It is also used in eye drops or ointment to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.

Chloroamphenicol Pharmacology

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, but due to serious side-effects (e.g., damage to the bone marrow, including aplastic anemia) in humans, it is usually reserved for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections (e.g., typhoid fever). Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or when used against highly susceptible organisms. Chloramphenicol stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome (blocking peptidyl transferase) and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Chloroamphenicol Absorption

Rapidly and completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract following oral administration (bioavailability 80%). Well absorbed following intramuscular administration (bioavailability 70%). Intraocular and some systemic absorption also occurs after topical application to the eye.

Chloroamphenicol side effects and Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD₅₀ = 1500 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD₅₀ = 2500 mg/kg. Toxic reactions including fatalities have occurred in the premature and newborn; the signs and symptoms associated with these reactions have been referred to as the gray syndrome. Symptoms include (in order of appearance) abdominal distension with or without emesis, progressive pallid cyanosis, vasomotor collapse frequently accompanied by irregular respiration, and death within a few hours of onset of these symptoms.

Chloroamphenicol Patient Information