Chloramphenicole

Chloramphenicole Brand names, Chloramphenicole Analogs

Chloramphenicole Brand Names Mixture

No information avaliable

Chloramphenicole Chemical_Formula

C₁₁H₁₂Cl₂N₂O₅

Chloramphenicole RX_link

http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/chloramphenicol.htm

Chloramphenicole fda sheet

Chloramphenicole FDA

Chloramphenicole msds (material safety sheet)

Chloramphenicole MSDS

Chloramphenicole Synthesis Reference

No information avaliable

Chloramphenicole Molecular Weight

323.129 g/mol

Chloramphenicole Melting Point

150.5 ^oC

Chloramphenicole H₂O Solubility

2500 mg/L (at 25 °C)

Chloramphenicole State

Solid

Chloramphenicole LogP

1.476

Chloramphenicole Dosage Forms

Capsule; Drops; Liquid; Ointment; Powder; Solution; Suspension; Tablet

Chloramphenicole Indication

Used in treatment of cholera, as it destroys the vibrios and decreases the diarrhea. It is effective against tetracycline-resistant vibrios. It is also used in eye drops or ointment to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.

Chloramphenicole Pharmacology

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that was derived from the bacterium Streptomyces venezuelae and is now produced synthetically. Chloramphenicol is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms, but due to serious side-effects (e.g., damage to the bone marrow, including aplastic anemia) in humans, it is usually reserved for the treatment of serious and life-threatening infections (e.g., typhoid fever). Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or when used against highly susceptible organisms. Chloramphenicol stops bacterial growth by binding to the bacterial ribosome (blocking peptidyl transferase) and inhibiting protein synthesis.

Chloramphenicole Absorption

Rapidly and completely absorbed from gastrointestinal tract following oral administration (bioavailability 80%). Well absorbed following intramuscular administration (bioavailability 70%). Intraocular and some systemic absorption also occurs after topical application to the eye.

Chloramphenicole side effects and Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD₅₀ = 1500 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD₅₀ = 2500 mg/kg. Toxic reactions including fatalities have occurred in the premature and newborn; the signs and symptoms associated with these reactions have been referred to as the gray syndrome. Symptoms include (in order of appearance) abdominal distension with or without emesis, progressive pallid cyanosis, vasomotor collapse frequently accompanied by irregular respiration, and death within a few hours of onset of these symptoms.

Chloramphenicole Patient Information