Phenytoin

Phenytoin Brand names, Phenytoin Analogs

Phenytoin Brand Names Mixture

Dilantin W Phenobarbital 15mg (Phenobarbital + Phenytoin Sodium)
Dilantin W Phenobarbital 30mg Cap (Phenobarbital + Phenytoin Sodium)

Phenytoin Chemical_Formula

C₁₅H₁₂N₂O₂

Phenytoin RX_link

http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/phenyt.htm

Phenytoin fda sheet

Phenytoin FDA

Phenytoin msds (material safety sheet)

Phenytoin MSDS

Phenytoin Synthesis Reference

Henze, U.S. Pat. 2,409,754 (1946)

Phenytoin Molecular Weight

252.268 g/mol

Phenytoin Melting Point

286 ^oC

Phenytoin H₂O Solubility

32 mg/L

Phenytoin State

Solid

Phenytoin LogP

2.241

Phenytoin Dosage Forms

Capsule (extended release); Liquid; Solution; Suspension; Tablet

Phenytoin Indication

For the control of generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) and complex partial (psychomotor, temporal lobe) seizures and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during or following neurosurgery.

Phenytoin Pharmacology

Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Phenytoin reduces the maximal activity of brain stem centers responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Phenytoin acts to damp the unwanted, runaway brain activity seen in seizure by reducing electrical conductance among brain cells. It lacks the sedation effects associated with phenobarbital. There are some indications that phenytoin has other effects, including anxiety control and mood stabilization, although it has never been approved for those purposes by the FDA.

Phenytoin Absorption

Bioavailability 70-100% oral, 24.4% for rectal and intravenous administration. Rapid rate of absorption with peak blood concentration expected in 1½ to 3 hours.

Phenytoin side effects and Toxicity

Oral, mouse: LD₅₀ = 150 mg/kg; Oral, rat: LD₅₀ = 1635 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include coma, difficulty in pronouncing words correctly, involuntary eye movement, lack of muscle coordination, low blood pressure, nausea, sluggishness, slurred speech, tremors, and vomiting.

Phenytoin Patient Information

Patients taking phenytoin should be advised of the importance of adhering strictly to the prescribed dosage regimen, and of informing the physician of any clinical condition in which it is not possible to take the drug orally as prescribed, eg, surgery, etc.

Patients should also be cautioned on the use of other drugs or alcoholic beverages without first seeking the physician's advice.

Patients should be instructed to call their physician if skin rash develops.

The importance of good dental hygiene should be stressed in order to minimize the development of gingival hyperplasia and its complications.

Do not use capsules which are discolored.

Phenytoin Organisms Affected

Humans and other mammals