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Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
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Chemical_Formula
C23H46N6O13
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic3/neomy.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
No information avaliable
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Molecular Weight
614.644 g/mol
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Melting Point
6 mg/mL (as sulfate form)
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H2O Solubility
No information avaliable
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State
Solid
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LogP
-9.895
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Dosage Forms
Powder
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Indication
For the adjunctive treatment of acute hepatic failure, alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and suppression of intestinal bacteria.
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Pharmacology
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Aminoglycosides work by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing misreading of t-RNA, leaving the bacterium unable to synthesize proteins vital to its growth. Aminoglycosides are useful primarily in infections involving aerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Enterobacter. In addition, some mycobacteria, including the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, are susceptible to aminoglycosides. Infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria can also be treated with aminoglycosides, but other types of antibiotics are more potent and less damaging to the host. In the past the aminoglycosides have been used in conjunction with penicillin-related antibiotics in streptococcal infections for their synergistic effects, particularly in endocarditis. Aminoglycosides are mostly ineffective against anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses.
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Absorption
Poorly absorbed from the normal gastrointestinal tract. Although only approximately 3% of neomycin is absorbed through intact intestinal mucosa, significant amounts may be absorbed through ulcerated or denuded mucosa or if inflammation is present.
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side effects and Toxicity
LD50 = 200 mg/kg (rat). Because of low absorption, it is unlikely that acute overdosage would occur with oral neomycin. However, prolonged administration could result in sufficient systemic drug levels to produce neurotoxicity, ototoxicity and/or nephrotoxicity.
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Patient Information
Before administering the drug, patients or members of their families should be informed of possible toxic effects
on the eighth nerve. The possibility of acute toxicity increases in premature infants and neonates.
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Organisms Affected
Enteric bacteria and other eubacteria