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Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
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Chemical_Formula
C6H14O6
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic4/osmitrol.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
No information avaliable
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Molecular Weight
182.172 g/mol
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Melting Point
168 oC
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H2O Solubility
216 mg/mL
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State
Solid
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LogP
-3.506
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Dosage Forms
Liquid; Powder for solution; Solution
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Indication
Used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; The reduction of intracranial pressure, the treatment of cerebral edema, and the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances.
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Pharmacology
Chemically, mannitol is an alcohol and a sugar, or a polyol; it is similar to xylitol or sorbitol. However, mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic. For this reason, it is not uncommon to add a substance to adjust its pH, such as sodium bicarbonate. Mannitol is commonly used to increase urine production (diuretic). It is also used to treat or prevent medical conditions that are caused by an increase in body fluids/water (e.g., cerebral edema, glaucoma, kidney failure). Mannitol is frequently given along with other diuretics (e.g., furosemide, chlorothiazide) and/or IV fluid replacement.
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Absorption
Approximately 7% of ingested mannitol is absorbed during gastrointestinal perfusion in uremic patients.
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side effects and Toxicity
LD50=1700 mg/kg (rat oral)
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Patient Information
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Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals