Allergical
Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
- Ambenyl Cough Syrup (Ammonium Chloride + Bromodiphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Codeine Phosphate + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Potassium Guaiacol Sulphonate)
- Benadryl Decongestant Tablets (Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Bye Bye Bite Lot (Benzocaine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Menthol)
- Caladryl Cream (Calamine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Caladryl Lotion (Calamine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Calamine Lotion W Antihistamine (Calamine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Calamine Lotion with Antih Lot (Calamine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Zinc Oxide)
- Calamine W Antihistamine Lotion (Calamine + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Calmylin #4 Syr (Ammonium Chloride + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Children's Tylenol Allergy - D Chewable Tablets (Acetaminophen + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Children's Tylenol Allergy-D Suspension (Acetaminophen + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Contac Day & Night Sinus/Allergy Caplet (Acetaminophen + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Contac-C Ext.Stren.Night Time Cough,Cold&Flu (Acetaminophen + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Cough Syr W Codeine Diphenhyd Hcl & Ammon Cl (Ammonium Chloride + Codeine Phosphate + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Dm Cough Syr (Ammonium Chloride + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Dm Plus Cough Syrup (Ammonium Chloride + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Dm Syrup (Ammonium Chloride + Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
- Pulmorex Expectorant Liq (Ammonium Chloride + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Guaifenesin)
- Salonpas Medicated Plaster (Borneol + Camphor + Diphenhydramine + Menthol + Methyl Salicylate + Olive Oil + Rosin + Thymol + Zinc Oxide)
- Sinutab N.T. Regular Strength Caplets (Acetaminophen + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride)
- Sting Kure - Liq (Benzocaine + Camphor + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Phenol)
- Sting-Eze-Liq (Benzocaine + Camphor + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride + Phenol)
- Suppress Cough Syr W.Cod.Diphen.Hcl Amm.Chl. (Ammonium Chloride + Codeine Phosphate + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride)
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Chemical_Formula
C17H21NO
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/dihydram.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
Rieveschl, Jr., U.S. pat. 2,421,714,; 2,427,878 (both 1947 to Parke, Davis), cf. U.S. pat. 2,397,799 (1946)
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Molecular Weight
255.355 g/mol
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Melting Point
166-170 oC
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H2O Solubility
1 g/ml
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State
Solid
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LogP
3.753
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Dosage Forms
Capsule; Oral solution; Tablet; Tablet (chewable); Tablet (film-coated); Elixir; Injection; Cream; Gel; Topical solution; Topical stick
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Indication
For the treatment of symptoms associated with Vertigo/Meniere's disease, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness and insect bite.
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Pharmacology
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine of the ethanolamine class. Ethanolamine antihistamines have significant antimuscarinic activity and produce marked sedation in most patients. In addition to the usual allergic symptoms, the drug also treats irritant cough and nausea, vomiting, and vertigo associated with motion sickness. It also is used commonly to treat drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms as well as to treat mild cases of Parkinson's disease. Rather than preventing the release of histamine, as do cromolyn and nedocromil, diphenhydramine competes with free histamine for binding at HA-receptor sites. Diphenhydramine competitively antagonizes the effects of histamine on HA-receptors in the GI tract, uterus, large blood vessels, and bronchial muscle. Ethanolamine derivatives have greater anticholinergic activity than do other antihistamines, which probably accounts for the antidyskinetic action of diphenhydramine. This anticholinergic action appears to be due to a central antimuscarinic effect, which also may be responsible for its antiemetic effects, although the exact mechanism is unknown.
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Absorption
Quickly absorbed with maximum activity occurring in approximately one hour.
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side effects and Toxicity
LD50=500 mg/kg (Orally in rats)
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Patient Information
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Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals