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Brand names,
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Analogs
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Brand Names Mixture
- Combipres 0.1/15 Tab (Chlorthalidone + Clonidine Hydrochloride)
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Chemical_Formula
C9H9Cl2N3
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RX_link
http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/clonidin.htm
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fda sheet
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msds (material safety sheet)
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Synthesis Reference
Zeile et al.; U.S. Pat. 3,202,660(1965)
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Molecular Weight
230.093 g/mol
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Melting Point
130oC
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H2O Solubility
Appreciable
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State
Solid
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LogP
2.278
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Dosage Forms
Tablet; Patch
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Indication
For the treatment of hypertension and maybe used in prophylaxis of migraine or recurrent vascular headache; Menopausal flushing
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Pharmacology
Clonidine is an antihypertensive agent and an epidural agent for refractory cancer pain. Similar to guanabenz in mechanism of action, clonidine is used in the treatment of hypertension, opiate and nicotine withdrawal, vascular headaches, diabetic diarrhea, glaucoma, ulcerative colitis, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, menopause symptoms, severe pain in cancer patients refractory to opiate agonists, and neuropathic pain and in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma.
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Absorption
Well absorbed following oral administration. Bioavailability following chronic administration is approximately 65%.
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side effects and Toxicity
Oral LD50 is 150 mg/kg in rat and 30 mg/kg in dog. Symptoms of overdose include constriction of pupils of the eye, drowsiness, high blood pressure followed by a drop in pressure, irritability, low body temperature, slowed breathing, slowed heartbeat, slowed reflexes, and weakness.
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Patient Information
Tablet
Patients who engage in potentially hazardous activities, such as operating machinery or driving, should be advised
of a potential sedative effect of clonidine. Patients should be cautioned against interruption of clonidine
hydrochloride therapy without a physician's advice.
Epidural Injection
Patients should be instructed about the risks of rebound hypertension and warned not to discontinue clonidine
except under the supervision of a physician. Patients should notify their physician immediately if clonidine
administration is inadvertently interrupted for any reason. Patients who engage in potentially hazardous activities,
such as operating machinery or driving, should be advised of the potential sedative and hypotensive effects of
epidural clonidine. They should also be informed that sedative effects may be increased by CNS-depressing drugs such
as alcohol and barbiturates, and that hypotensive effects may be increased by opiates.
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Organisms Affected
Humans and other mammals