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Disal Les marques, Disal Analogs

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    • Disal Formule chimique

    C7H8ClN3O4S2

    Disal RX lien

    http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/hctz.htm

    Disal FDA fiche

    Disal msds (fiche de securite des materiaux)

    Disal MSDS

    Disal Synthese de reference

    Werner et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82, 1161 (1960)

    Disal Poids moleculaire

    297.741 g/mol

    Disal Point de fusion

    274 oC

    Disal H2O Solubilite

    0,7 mg / ml

    Disal Etat

    Solid

    Disal LogP

    -0.268

    Disal Formes pharmaceutiques

    Tablet (oral)

    Disal Indication

    Pour le traitement de l'hypertension artérielle et de la gestion de l'œdème.

    Disal Pharmacologie

    Les diurétiques thiazidiques comme l'hydrochlorothiazide favoriser la perte de l'eau du corps (diurétiques). Ils inhibent Na + / Cl-réabsorption du tubule contourné distal dans les reins. Les diurétiques thiazidiques également causer la perte de potassium et une augmentation de l'acide urique sérique. Les diurétiques thiazidiques sont souvent utilisés pour traiter l'hypertension, mais leurs effets hypotenseurs ne sont pas nécessairement en raison de leur activité diurétique. Les diurétiques thiazidiques ont été montré pour empêcher l'hypertension, la morbidité et la mortalité, bien que le mécanisme n'est pas entièrement comprise. Les diurétiques thiazidiques provoquer une vasodilatation en activant activés par le calcium canaux potassiques (grande conductance) dans vasculaires les muscles lisses et en inhibant diverses anhydrases carbonique dans les tissus vasculaires.

    Disal Absorption

    50-60%

    Disal Toxicite

    Les signes les plus communs et les symptômes observés sont ceux causés par la déplétion électrolytique (hypokaliémie, hypochlorémie, hyponatrémie) et la déshydratation résultant d'une diurèse excessive. Si la digitale a également été administrée, l'hypokaliémie peut accentuer les arythmies cardiaques. La DL50 par voie orale, l'hydrochlorothiazide est supérieure à 10 g / kg chez la souris et le rat.

    Disal Information pour les patients

    General

    All patients receiving diuretic therapy should be observed for evidence of fluid or electrolyte
    imbalance: namely, hyponatremia, hypochloremic alkalosis, and hypokalemia. Serum and urine
    electrolyte determinations are particularly important when the patient is vomiting excessively or
    receiving parenteral fluids. Warning signs or symptoms of fluid and electrolyte imbalance,
    irrespective of cause, include dryness of mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness,
    restlessness, confusion, seizures, muscle pains or cramps, muscular fatigue, hypotension,
    oliguria, tachycardia, and gastrointestinal disturbance such as nausea or vomiting.

    Hypokalemia may develop, especially with brisk diuresis, when severe cirrhosis is present or
    after prolonged therapy.

    Interference with adequate oral electrolyte intake will also contribute to hypokalemia.
    Hypokalemia may cause cardiac arrhythmia and may also sensitize or exaggerate the response of
    the heart to the toxic effects of digitalis (e.g., increased ventricular irritability).
    Hypokalemia may be avoided or treated by use of potassium sparing diuretics or potassium
    supplements such as foods with a high potassium content.

    Although any chloride deficit is generally mild and usually does not require specific treatment
    except under extraordinary circumstances (as in liver disease or renal disease), chloride
    replacement may be required in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis.

    Dilutional hyponatremia may occur in edematous patients in hot weather; appropriate therapy is
    water restriction, rather than administration of salt, except in rare instances when the
    hyponatremia is life threatening. In actual salt depletion, appropriate replacement is the
    therapy of choice.

    Hyperuricemia may occur or acute gout may be precipitated in certain patients receiving thiazides.

    In diabetic patients dosage adjustments of insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents may be required.
    Hyperglycemia may occur with thiazide diuretics. Thus latent diabetes mellitus may become manifest
    during thiazide therapy.

    The antihypertensive effects of the drug may be enhanced in the post-sympathectomy patient.

    If progressive renal impairment becomes evident, consider withholding or discontinuing diuretic therapy.

    Thiazides have been shown to increase the urinary excretion of magnesium; this may result in hypomagnesemia.

    Thiazides may decrease urinary calcium excretion. Thiazides may cause intermittent and slight elevation
    of serum calcium in the absence of known disorders of calcium metabolism. Marked hypercalcemia may be
    evidence of hidden hyperparathyroidism. Thiazides should be discontinued before carrying out tests for
    parathyroid function.

    Increases in cholesterol and triglyceride levels may be associated with thiazide diuretic therapy.

    Laboratory Tests

    Periodic determination of serum electrolytes to detect possible electrolyte imbalance should be done
    at appropriate intervals.

    Disal Organismes affectes

    Les humains et autres mammifères