Apokyn

Apokyn Brand names, Apokyn Analogs

Apokyn Brand Names Mixture

Camphorated Opium Tincture (Benzoic Acid + Camphor + Morphine)
Paregorique (Camphor + Morphine)

Apokyn Chemical_Formula

C₁₇H₁₉NO₃

Apokyn RX_link

http://www.rxlist.com/cgi/generic/ms.htm

Apokyn fda sheet

Apokyn FDA

Apokyn msds (material safety sheet)

Apokyn MSDS

Apokyn Synthesis Reference

Gates et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74, 1109 (1952).

Apokyn Molecular Weight

285.338 g/mol

Apokyn Melting Point

255^oC (sulfate salt)

Apokyn H₂O Solubility

149 mg/L (60 mg/mL for sulfate salt)

Apokyn State

Solid

Apokyn LogP

1.224

Apokyn Dosage Forms

Capsule (sustained-release); Drops; Liquid; Solution; Suppository; Suppository (sustained-release); Syrup; Tablet; Tablet (extended-release); Tincture

Apokyn Indication

For the relief and treatment of severe pain.

Apokyn Pharmacology

Morphine is a narcotic pain management agent indicated for the relief of pain in patients who require opioid analgesics for more than a few days. Morphine interacts predominantly with the opioid mu-receptor. These mu-binding sites are discretely distributed in the human brain, with high densities in the posterior amygdala, hypothalamus, thalamus, nucleus caudatus, putamen, and certain cortical areas. They are also found on the terminal axons of primary afferents within laminae I and II (substantia gelatinosa) of the spinal cord and in the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. In clinical settings, morphine exerts its principal pharmacological effect on the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Its primary actions of therapeutic value are analgesia and sedation. Morphine appears to increase the patient's tolerance for pain and to decrease discomfort, although the presence of the pain itself may still be recognized. In addition to analgesia, alterations in mood, euphoria and dysphoria, and drowsiness commonly occur. Opioids also produce respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centers.

Apokyn Absorption

Bioavailability is approximately 30%.

Apokyn side effects and Toxicity

LD₅₀ = 461 mg/kg (rat, oral), 600 mg/kg (mouse, oral). Human lethal dose by ingestion is 120-250 mg of morphine sulfate. Symptoms of overdose include cold, clammy skin, flaccid muscles, fluid in the lungs, lowered blood pressure, "pinpoint" or dilated pupils, sleepiness leading to stupor and coma, slowed breathing, and slow pulse rate.

Apokyn Patient Information

If clinically advisable, patients receiving ORAMORPH SR brand of morphine sulfate sustained release tablets, should be given the following instructions by the physician:

Morphine may produce psychological and/or physical dependence. For this reason, the dose of the drug should not be increased without consulting a physician.
Morphine may impair mental and/or physical ability required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks (e.g., driving, operating machinery).
Morphine should not be taken with alcohol or other CNS de-pressants (sleep aids, tranquilizers) because additive effects, including CNS depression, may occur. A physician should be consulted if other prescription and/or over-the-counter medications are currently being used or are prescribed for future use.
For women of childbearing potential, who become or are planning to become pregnant, a physician should be consulted regarding analgesics and other drug use.

Storage: ORAMORPH SR Tablets should be stored in unopened containers at or below room temperature.

Caution: Federal law prohibits dispensing without prescription. Federal law prohibits the transfer of this drug to any person other than the patient for whom it was prescribed.

Safety and Handling Instructions: ORAMORPH SR is supplied as tablets that pose little risk of direct exposure to health care personnel and should be handled and disposed of in accordance with hospital policy. Patients and their families should be instructed to dispose of ORAMORPH SR tablets, that are no longer needed, down the toilet.

Apokyn Organisms Affected

Humans and other mammals