Gemcitabine hydrochloride

Eli Lilly and Company Material Safety Data Sheet

Common Name: Gemcitabine Hydrochloride for Injection

Chemical Name: Cytidine, 2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-, monohydrochloride
Chemical Name 2: 2'-Deoxy-2',2'-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride (beta-isomer)
Synonym(s): Gemcitabine HCl formulation; Gemcitabine; 264368 formulation; 188011 hydrochloride formulation
Tradename(s): Gemzar; Gemcin; Gemtro
Lilly Item Code(s): VL7501; VL7502; VL7538; VL7540

See attached glossary for abbreviations.

Contains no hazardous components (one percent or greater) or carcinogens (one-tenth percent or greater) not listed above.  

Exposure Guidelines:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - LEG 0.3 micrograms/m3 TWA for 8 hours, LEG 0.2 micrograms/m3 TWA for 12 hours.  Excursion guidance is to maintain full shift TWA.  

Appearance: White to off-white powder or freeze-dried plug
Physical State: Solid
Odor: Odorless

Emergency Overview Special R = Reproductive Emergency Overview Effective Date: 29-Oct-1998 Lilly Laboratory Labeling Codes: Health 2 Fire 1 Reactivity 0 Special R Primary Physical and Health Hazards: Skin Permeable.  Mutagen.  Irritant (eyes, skin).  Reproductive and Blood Effects.   Caution Statement: Gemcitabine Hydrochloride for Injection contains gemcitabine hydrochloride which may enter the body through the skin, alters genetic material, and may be irritating to the eyes and skin. Effects of exposure may include decreased fertility, fetal changes, and decreased blood cell counts.

Routes of Entry: Inhalation and skin absorption.  

Effects of Overexposure: Based on animal data, gemcitabine hydrochloride for injection may be absorbed through the skin in amounts capable of producing systemic toxicity and may be irritating to the eyes and skin.  Effects of exposure due to therapeutic use may include, but are not limited to, decreased blood cell counts, nausea, vomiting, edema, rash, elevated liver enzymes, and flu-like syndrome.  

Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure: None known.  

Carcinogenicity: No carcinogenicity data found.  Not listed by IARC, NTP, ACGIH, or OSHA.  

Eyes: Hold eyelids open and flush with a steady, gentle stream of water for 15 minutes.  See an ophthalmologist (eye doctor) or other physician immediately.  

Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and clean before reuse.  Wash all exposed areas of skin with plenty of soap and water.  Get medical attention if irritation develops.  

Inhalation: Move individual to fresh air.  Get medical attention if breathing difficulty occurs.  If not breathing, provide artificial respiration assistance (mouth-to-mouth) and call a physician immediately.  

Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting.  Call a physician or poison control center.  If available, administer activated charcoal (6-8 heaping teaspoons) with two to three glasses of water.  Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.  Immediately transport to a medical care facility and see a physician.  

Flash Point: No applicable information found
UEL: No applicable information found
LEL: No applicable information found

Extinguishing Media: Use water, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, or Halon.  

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards: As a finely divided material, may form dust mixtures in air which could explode if subjected to an ignition source.  

Hazardous Combustion Products: May emit toxic chloride and fluoride fumes when exposed to heat or fire.  

Spills: Use double pairs of latex disposable gloves which must be disposed of within an hour, goggles, impermeable body covering, and approved HEPA-filtered or supplied-air respirator.  If material spills occur in production area, use either wet clean-up methods, ensuring that no airborne dusts or aerosols are formed, or appropriate vacuum cleaners having high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters.   

It is recommended that areas handling final finished product have cytotoxic spill kits available.  Spill kits should include impermeable body covering, shoe covers, latex and utility latex gloves, goggles, approved HEPA respirator, disposable dust pan and scoop, absorbent towels, spill control pillows, disposable sponges, sharps container, disposable garbage bag, and a hazardous waste label.  

Storage Conditions: Controlled Room Temperature:  15 to 30 C (59 to 86 F).  

See Section 2 for Exposure Guideline information.  

  For appropriate handling precautions in specific laboratory, manufacturing, or clinical health care operations, consult with a health and safety or technical services representative.  

In clinical health care settings, follow OSHA Technical Manual, Section VI, Chapter 2 - Controlling Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Drugs.  This chapter covers protection of employees during cytotoxic drug preparation, administration, disposal, and the handling of human waste products potentially contaminated with cytotoxic drug substances.  

GENERAL:  For all work environments, wear eye protection, avoid skin contact, wear gloves, and take other appropriate precautions.  

Respiratory Protection: When the exposure guidelines may be exceeded, use an approved HEPA-filtered or supplied-air respirator.  

Eye Protection: Chemical goggles and/or face shield.  

Ventilation: Extensive local exhaust, ventilated enclosure (HEPA-filtered balance enclosure, fume hood, or Class II or III vertical flow biosafety cabinet), or enclosed process equipment.  

Other Protective Equipment: Chemical-resistant gloves and impermeable body covering to minimize skin contact.  If handled in a ventilated enclosure, as in a laboratory setting, respirator and goggles or face shield may not be required.  Safety glasses are always required.  

Additional Exposure Precautions: In production settings, airline-supplied, hood-type respirators are preferred.  Shower and change clothing if skin contact occurs.  

Boiling Point: Not applicable
Melting Point: No applicable information found
Density: No applicable information found
pH: Acidic
Evaporation Rate: No applicable information found
Water Solubility: Soluble
Vapor Density: No applicable information found
Vapor Pressure: No applicable information found

Stability: Stable at normal temperatures and pressures.  

Incompatibility: May react with strong oxidizing agents (e.g., peroxides, permanganates, nitric acid, etc.).  

Hazardous Decomposition: May emit toxic fluoride and chloride fumes when heated to decomposition.  

Hazardous Polymerization: Will not occur.  

Acute Exposure
No data available for mixture or formulation.  Data for ingredient(s) or related material(s) are presented.  

Oral:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Rat, 500 mg/kg, no deaths.  
Mouse, mortality due to intestinal lesions reported when given a single dose of 333 mg/kg and higher.   

Skin:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride for injection - Rabbit, median lethal dose estimated greater than 1000 mg/kg, mortality, reduced activity, diarrhea, weight loss, few feces, pale eyes, salivation.  

Inhalation: No applicable information found.  

Skin Contact:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride for injection - Rabbit, irritant  

Eye Contact:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Rabbit, irritant     

Chronic Exposure
No data available for mixture or formulation.  Data for ingredient(s) or related material(s) are presented.  

Target Organ Effects:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Blood effects (decreased red blood cell, white blood cell, and platelet counts).   

Reproduction:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Decreased sperm formation and decreased fertility in males, and reproductive tissue changes.  Depressed fetal viability and weight and malformations at doses toxic to the mother.   

Sensitization:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Guinea pig, subcutaneous, negative systemic response.  

Mutagenicity:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride - Mutagenic in mouse lymphoma assay and mouse micronucleus test.  Not mutagenic in bacterial cells and other mammalian cell tests.     

No environmental data for the mixture or formulation.  The environmental information for ingredient(s) or related material(s) are presented.  

Ecotoxicity Data:
Gemcitabine
Rainbow trout 96-hour median lethal concentration:  > 1043 mg/L
Fathead minnow 96-hour median lethal concentration:  > 1014 mg/L
Daphnia magna 48-hour median effective concentration:  > 999 mg/L
Green algae (S. capricornutum) median effective concentration:  5.4 mg/L (average specific growth rate)
Microorganisms
     fungus (Chaetomium globosum):  MIC > 1000 mg/L
     mold (Aspergillus flavus):  MIC > 1000 mg/L
     soil bacteria (Comamonas acidovorans):  MIC > 1000 mg/L
     N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chroococcum):  MIC > 1000 mg/L
     blue-green algae (Nostoc sp.):  MIC 800 mg/L     

Environmental Fate:
Gemcitabine hydrochloride
Dissociation constant (pKa):  3.58
Kow:  0.053, 0.053, 0.052 (pH 5, 7, 9)
Solubility (g/L):  16.0, 15.3, 15.8 (pH 5, 7, 9)
Light absorption (nm):  268 - 269
Hydrolysis:  no significant hydroylsis
Aerobic biodegradation half-life: 30% in 28 days   

Environmental Summary:
Gemcitabine - Practically non-toxic to fish and microorganisms and moderately toxic to green algae.  Low potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms.  Expected to be persistent in the environment based on slow rates of hydrolysis and biodegradation.       

Lilly Aquatic Exposure Guideline (LAEG):
Gemcitabine hydrochloride
LAEG for Drinking Water:  0.045 micrograms/L
LAEG for Chronic Exposure:  1.0 micrograms/L
LAEG for Acute Exposure of Aquatic Organisms:  5400 micrograms/L     

Waste Disposal: To avoid accidental exposure due to waste handling, place waste residue in a segregated, sealed plastic container.  Used syringes, needles, and sharps should not be crushed, clipped, or recapped, but placed directly into an approved sharps container.  Dispose of any cleanup materials and waste residue according to all applicable laws and regulations, e.g., secure chemical landfill disposal.  

Regulatory Organizations:

DOT: Not Regulated

ICAO/IATA: Not Regulated

IMO: Not Regulated

Below is selected regulatory information chosen primarily for possible Eli Lilly and Company usage.  This section is not a complete analysis or reference to all applicable regulatory information.  Please consider all applicable laws and regulations for your country/state.  

U.S. Regulations
Gemcitabine hydrochloride  
TSCA - No
CERCLA - Not on this list
SARA 302 - Not on this list
SARA 313 - Not on this list
OSHA Substance Specific - No  

EU Regulations   

EC Classification
Contains gemcitabine hydrochloride (C = 51 to 53%)  
Xn (Harmful)  
Xi (Irritant)  
Reproductive Category 3  
Mutagen Category 2  

Risk Phrases
R 21 - Harmful in contact with skin.  
R 36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin.  
R 62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility.  
R 63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child.  
R 46 - May cause heritable genetic damage.  

Safety Phrases
S 25 - Avoid contact with eyes.  
S 26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.  
S 36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.  
S 53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use.  

MSDS Sections Revised: Section 2.  

As of the date of issuance, we are providing available information relevant to the handling of this material in the workplace.  All information contained herein is offered with the good faith belief that it is accurate.  THIS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET SHALL NOT BE DEEMED TO CREATE ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE).  In the event of an adverse incident associated with this material, this safety data sheet is not intended to be a substitute for consultation with appropriately trained personnel. Nor is this safety data sheet intended to be a substitute for product literature which may accompany the finished product.

For additional information contact:
Eli Lilly and Company
Hazard Communication
317-277-6029
  
For additional copies contact:  
Eli Lilly and Company
1-800-LILLY-Rx (1-800-545-5979)  

GLOSSARY:

ACGIH = American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
AIHA = American Industrial Hygiene Association
BEI = Biological Exposure Index
CAS Number = Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
CERCLA = Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (of 1980)
CHAN = Chemical Hazard Alert Notice
CHEMTREC = Chemical Transportation Emergency Center
DOT = Department of Transportation
EC = European Community
EINECS = European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances
ELINCS = European List of New Chemical Substances
EPA = Environmental Protection Agency
HEPA = High Efficiency Particulate Air (Filter)
IARC = International Agency for Research on Cancer
ICAO/IATA = International Civil Aviation Organization/International Air Transport Association
IEG = Lilly Interim Exposure Guideline
IMO = International Maritime Organization
Kow = Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient
LEG = Lilly Exposure Guideline
LEL = Lower Explosive Limit
MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
MSHA = Mine Safety and Health Administration
NA = Not Applicable, except in Section 14 where NA = North America
NADA = New Animal Drug Application
NAIF = No Applicable Information Found
NCI = National Cancer Institute
NIOSH = National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NOS = Not Otherwise Specified
NTP = National Toxicology Program
OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration
PEL = Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
RCRA = Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
RQ = Reportable Quantity
RTECS = Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances
SARA = Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
STEG = Lilly Short Term Exposure Guideline
STEL = Short Term Exposure Limit
TLV = Threshold Limit Value (ACGIH)
TPQ = Threshold Planning Quantity
TSCA = Toxic Substances Control Act
TWA = Time Weighted Average/8 Hours Unless Otherwise Noted
UEL = Upper Explosive Limit
UN = United Nations
WEEL = Workplace Environmental Exposure Level (AIHA)